What is the Saqqara Step Pyramid?

The Saqqara Step Pyramid, built for Pharaoh Djoser in Egypt's Third Dynasty, is the oldest colossal stone structure. It has six tiers, evolving from a simple mastaba to its current form.

What was the purpose of the Saqqara Step Pyramid?

The pyramid served as Djoser's tomb and symbolized his eternal divine power. It was designed to ensure his successful journey to the afterlife, surrounded by temples and shrines.

How was the Saqqara Step Pyramid constructed?

Constructed using large limestone blocks, the pyramid was designed by Imhotep, who pioneered the use of stone for such monumental structures. It required advanced engineering and a skilled workforce.

What are the notable features of the Saqqara Step Pyramid?

Notable features include six stepped layers, a limestone exterior, a ceremonial courtyard, and a Serdab with Djoser's statue. The complex includes surrounding walls and temples.

What is the historical significance of the Saqqara Step Pyramid?

The Step Pyramid was a groundbreaking architectural achievement, marking the transition from mastabas to pyramids. It greatly influenced future pyramid designs, like those at Giza.

What Are the Finest Destinations to Visit in Egypt?

Every inch of Egypt is worth uncovering, with its divine splendor in full view, yet certain locales demand precedence. Behold the awe-inspiring Red Sea in Hurghada, the marvels of Cairo including the iconic pyramids of Giza, the enigmatic Great Sphinx, the rich collections of the Egyptian Museum, and the vibrant Khan El Khalili Bazaar. Luxor beckons with the hallowed Valley of the Kings, the majestic Karnak, and the Hatshepsut Temple. Aswan captivates with the grand Abu Simbel temples, the sacred Philae Temple, and the intriguing Unfinished Obelisk. In Alexandria, the historic Qaitbay Citadel, Pompey's Pillar, and the revered Alexandria Library await. Delve deeper into the must-visit wonders of Egypt.

What Are Egypt's Visa Requirements?

To secure a 30-day Visa on Arrival for Egypt, you must belong to an eligible country, possess a passport valid for at least six months, and pay a $25 USD fee in cash. For the 30-day E-Visa, your passport must be valid for at least eight months, and you need to complete the online application, pay the e-visa fee, and print out the e-visa to present to the airport border guard. Some fortunate travelers may qualify for a complimentary 90-day visa. Learn more about Egypt travel visas.

What Is the Top Traditional Egyptian Food?

Egypt boasts a diverse array of delectable cuisines, but we highly recommend trying Ful & Ta’meya (fava beans and falafel), the flavorful Mulukhiya, Koshary, a classic Egyptian pasta dish, and the traditional meat dishes Kebab & Kofta.

What is the Best Time to Visit Egypt?

The ideal time to visit Egypt is during the winter months, from September to April, when the climate is pleasantly tropical with a charming mix of warm weather and a refreshing winter breeze. You'll receive a notification in the week leading up to your trip if there are any climate-related safety concerns or changes to your plans.

What to Pack for Your Egypt Tour?

You should pack everything you could ever need in a small bag so you could move easily between your destinations.

Why Book With Sun Pyramids Tours?

For over two decades, we've crafted exceptional vacations across Egypt's most breathtaking destinations. Our team comprises top-tier operators, guides, and drivers, wholly devoted to ensuring your vacation is flawless. Every tour is meticulously tailored by our team of Travel, Financial, and Time consultants to perfectly suit your needs. Your safety and comfort are paramount to us, and we dedicate all our resources to providing the utmost atmosphere until your return home.

Is it Safe to Travel to Egypt?

You can rest assured of your safety in Egypt, as the current atmosphere in the country is notably peaceful. This stability follows significant governmental actions, such as the comprehensive restructuring of the tourist police force to cover all key tourist attractions in Egypt. Explore further about the safety of traveling to Egypt.

What to Wear While in Egypt?

Feel free to dress in whatever makes you feel comfortable. We suggest opting for lightweight and comfortable footwear, such as closed-toe shoes, to handle Egypt's varied terrain with ease. During the summer months, remember to apply sunscreen to protect yourself from the sun's rays.

What are the Best Activities to Do in Egypt?

Embark on an unforgettable adventure by boarding a Nile Cruise between Luxor and Aswan, or vice versa. Experience the splendor of Egypt from a hot air balloon or a plane, and indulge in the delectable Egyptian cuisines and beverages while exploring the vibrant markets of old Cairo. Discover the enchanting beauty of the Red Sea in the captivating coastal resorts of Egypt, such as Hurghada, where you can immerse yourself in the vibrant marine life through diving and snorkeling. Marvel at the breathtaking landscapes of the Western Desert on a safari trip beneath the celestial Egyptian skies.

What are Egypt Festival and Public Holidays?

In Egypt, there are numerous public holidays, spanning both religious and national observances. Among the most significant festivals are the sacred month of Ramadan, culminating in Eid Al Fitr, as well as Christmas and New Year's Eve celebrations. Explore further about festivals and public holidays in Egypt.

What are Special Advice for Foreign Women in Egypt?

Egypt is often regarded as one of the more liberal Islamic nations, though it has witnessed a slight conservative shift in recent decades. As a precaution, it's recommended to refrain from exposing your chest, shoulders, or legs below the knees.

What are the Official Languages of Egypt?

Arabic serves as the official language of Egypt. However, in urban areas, most Egyptians have a grasp of English, or at least understand some English words or phrases. A smaller portion of the population can converse in French, Italian, Spanish, or German. Professional tour guides employed in the tourism industry are adept at assisting visitors who do not speak Arabic. They are proficient in English and other languages to cater to the diverse needs of our clients.

What is the Transportation in Egypt?

The quickest mode of transportation is undoubtedly by car, particularly a taxi. In Cairo, opt for a white taxi for faster travel. Alternatively, if the roads are congested during rush hours, you can take advantage of Egypt's speedy metro system.

What is the Weather is Like?

In Egypt, temperatures fluctuate between 37°C to 14°C. Summers tend to be hot, with occasional cool nights, while winters are generally cool and mild. The average low temperatures range from 9.5°C in winter to 23°C in summer, while the average high temperatures range from 17°C in winter to 32°C in summer. Along the coasts, temperatures remain moderate throughout the year.

What are the Reasons That Make You Visit Egypt?

Egypt is a haven for travelers, offering an array of attractions ranging from incredible historical sites dating back over 4000 years to captivating city resorts and beaches. Whatever you seek in a vacation, Egypt has it all. You'll experience the getaway you've always dreamed of, as Egypt offers everything you could possibly imagine.

03 Sep, 2024

Saqqara Step Pyramid

Tags: Cairo Monuments,Pyramids

Explore the Saqqara Step Pyramid, an ancient marvel that displays the ingenuity of ancient Egypt. Constructed over 4,700 years ago for Pharaoh Djoser, this proto-pyramid stands as the oldest large-scale stone structure. This article, authored by a team of expert tour operators, scholars, and travel consultants well-versed in its history, aims to provide comprehensive information about the Saqqara Step Pyramid.

The Saqqara Step Pyramid marks a pivotal point in the architectural evolution that led to the creation of the iconic Pyramids of Giza. Its design set the precedent for monumental constructions that followed, showcasing the ancient Egyptians' advanced understanding of engineering and architecture.

Join us as we delve into the rich history, intricate architecture, and enduring significance of the Saqqara Step Pyramid, a cornerstone of the Step Pyramid Complex and a symbol of ancient Egyptian innovation and legacy.

History of the Saqqara Step Pyramid

History of Saqqara Step Pyramid

During Egypt's Third Dynasty, around 4,700 years ago, it served as the final resting place for Pharaoh Djoser (2721–2780 BCE). At that time, most of the royal and elite ancient Egyptians were buried in mastabas, rectangular funerary structures built over the tombs located underground.

Pharaoh Djoser, however, desired a new kind of structure for his burial.

The Step Pyramid was designed by Djoser's vizier, Imhotep, one of the most intelligent and innovative figures in ancient Egyptian history.

Imhotep's design transformed the traditional mastaba into a square-based pyramid, making it the centerpiece of a massive mortuary complex. This complex was situated in an enormous courtyard and surrounded by majestic ceremonial structures and beautiful decorations. The construction of the Step Pyramid marked a turning point in the evolution of architecture, setting the stage for the later development of the iconic pyramids of Egypt.

After 14 years of restoration, the pyramid reopened to visitors in March 2020, allowing modern-day explorers to witness its grandeur and historical significance.

King Djoser, the Builder of the Saqqara Step Pyramid

King Djoser, the Builder of Saqqara Step Pyramid

Pharaoh Djoser, also known as Netjerykhet, was the first or possibly the second king of Egypt's Third Dynasty (2670–2650 BCE) during the Old Kingdom (2686–2125 BCE). King Djoser ruled for 19 years, a period during which he commissioned the construction of the revolutionary Saqqara Step Pyramid. Unlike the traditional mud-brick mastabas used for royal burials, Djoser desired a unique and unprecedented structure.

His ambition led to the creation of the Step Pyramid, a construction that utilized rock-cut limestone and became the first monumental structure ever made of stone. This innovative approach marked a significant departure from earlier funerary architecture and set a new standard for future generations.

The Step Pyramid not only served as a tomb but also stood as a testament to Djoser's reign, showcasing his vision and ambition. The architectural marvel inspired many of his successors, cementing King Djoser's legacy as a pivotal figure in ancient Egyptian history.

Architecture of the Saqqara Step Pyramid

Architecture of Saqqara Step Pyramid

Characterized by its six stepped layers, the Pyramid rises with an almost perfect alignment to the four cardinal points, demonstrating an advanced understanding of astronomy and engineering by the ancient Egyptians. The Pyramid complex is surrounded by a high protective wall, 10.5 meters in height, with 14 doors. Only one of these doors served as the entrance for the living, while the false doors symbolized portals for the pharaoh's soul to cross into the afterlife.

The Step Pyramid complex, the first of its kind, included several structures essential for Djoser's journey to the afterlife and eternal rebirth. The king's body rested in a tomb beneath the Pyramid's base, located within the heart of a maze of tunnels. This burial chamber, measuring 13 feet in length, was encased in granite and filled with thousands of stone vessels inscribed with the names of earlier kings, although it was later robbed.

Beneath the Pyramid lies an extensive labyrinth that reaches a depth of 28 meters and extends over 6 kilometers. This network connects through a central shaft measuring 7 square meters and comprises galleries, small corridors, and tunnels. Within these passageways are over 30,000 jars made of various types of stone, such as slate, marble, and alabaster, inscribed with the names of rulers from the first and second dynasties.

Construction of the Saqqara Step Pyramid

The Saqqara Step Pyramid, renowned for being the oldest large-cut stone construction, marks a key moment in ancient Egyptian funerary architecture. It revolutionized stone construction and royal burials. The Pyramid consists of six mastabas made of limestone, stacked on top of each other, forming a base measuring 109 m x 125 m (358 ft x 410 ft) and rising to a height of 62 m (203 ft). The volume of the Step Pyramid is an impressive 330,400 m3 (11,667,966 cu ft).

Beneath the Pyramid lies an extensive labyrinth of chambers and galleries, stretching up to 6 kilometers and connecting through a central shaft 28 meters deep and 7 meters square. This design is reminiscent of the more famous Great Pyramid of Khufu, reflecting early architectural ingenuity.

The Step Pyramid was discovered in 1926 by French architect and Egyptologist Jean-Philippe Lauer, who made significant contributions to our understanding of pyramid construction, particularly at the Step Pyramid Complex. His work revealed the sophisticated techniques used by the ancient builders and highlighted the significance of the site. After 14 years of extensive restoration, the Pyramid was reopened to the public in March 2020, allowing visitors to marvel at this ancient wonder.

Saqqara Step Pyramid Complex

The complex includes the Step Pyramid itself, the House of the South, the House of the North, the Heb Sed Court (a celebration that takes place when a king spends 30 years on the throne), the Serdab, Temple T, the South Tomb, and the Northern Mortuary Temple, all enclosed within a 10.5-meter-high wall with 14 doors. This protective wall signifies the importance of safeguarding the king's final resting place.

House of the North and House of the South:

The House of the North and the House of the South symbolize Upper and Lower Egypt. The Serdab, meaning 'cellar,' is a limestone structure located near the northern entrance of the Pyramid. It houses a life-sized statue of Djoser. This statue is the oldest known life-sized Egyptian statuary and holds great significance for the king's soul in the afterlife. The courtyard of the complex contains thirteen small chapels within the House of the North and the House of the South.

The South Tomb:

The South Tomb features three carved panels depicting Djoser performing the Heb Sed ritual. The outer facade is plain and unadorned, but the interior is intricately designed with Djed pillars. The complex's colonnade, consisting of 40 columns attached to the wall, showcases the style of engaged columns used to support the ceiling. Between the Colonnade's rooms are statues representing Djoser as the ruler of both Upper and Lower Egypt.

The Northern Mortuary Temple:

The Northern Temple provided access to the underground passages leading to Djoser's burial chamber, a vault constructed of four courses of well-dressed granite. This vault had a single opening, sealed with a 3.5-ton block, though it was unfortunately robbed over time. The ceiling of the burial chamber is adorned with five stars, believed to be connected to the eternal North Stars that never set, symbolizing the pharaoh's eternity.

The Northern Walls:

The northern walls of the complex are decorated with reliefs and artworks depicting the king at the Heb Sed festival, which was believed to grant the pharaoh another 30 years of life. Inside the complex, intricate carvings, like one of a half-opened door, appear as actual doorways, representing symbolic passageways to the afterlife.

The Step Pyramid Complex remains a testament to the architectural brilliance and the profound cultural and religious practices of ancient Egypt, offering invaluable insights into their quest for immortality.

Cairo Tours: Exploring The Step Pyramid Complex and More

Cairo Tours Exploring The Step Pyramid Complex

Discover the Saqqara Step Pyramid with Sun Pyramids Tours. Our expert guides will lead you through this ancient complex, showcasing its rich history and architectural splendor. Book your Cairo tour today and immerse yourself in Egypt's fascinating heritage.

Experience the awe of the ancient Egyptian Pyramids through our tailored Egypt tour packages, including a serene Nile river cruise. For those in Cairo, we offer exclusive day tours featuring the remarkable Saqqara Step Pyramid. With our knowledgeable Egyptologist guides, your journey will be educational and captivating.

Join us at Sun Pyramids Tours to explore the wonders of Saqqara and beyond. Visit our website for more details and to book your adventure.

Why do I book with Sun Pyramids Tours?

1) Expertise and Experience: Sun Pyramids Tours has a wealth of 53 years of experience in the travel and tourism industry.

2) Customized Itineraries: Sun Pyramids Tours offers tailored itineraries to suit your preferences. Whether you're interested in historical sites, cultural immersion, or adventure activities, we can design a tour that matches your interests.

3) Local Connections and Insider Access: Sun Pyramids Tours can provide you with unique opportunities and insider access to attractions and experiences that may not be easily accessible to independent travelers.

4) Hassle-Free Planning: Sun Pyramids Tours can take the stress out of planning your trip. We handle all the logistics, including accommodations, transportation, and guided tours, at competitive prices… Relax and enjoy your vacation without worrying about the details.

5) Customer Satisfaction: Sun Pyramids Tours prides itself on providing excellent customer service and ensuring customer satisfaction. They strive to meet and exceed your expectations, making your trip enjoyable and memorable. Add trip advisor reviews, Facebook page reviews, etc.

6) Safety and Security: Sun Pyramids Tours prioritizes the safety and security of their guests. We work with trusted partners, adhere to safety guidelines, and provide support throughout your journey to ensure a safe and comfortable travel experience.